SAE AIR4362 NBC Protection Considerations for ECS Design

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Product Code:SAE AIR4362
Title:NBC Protection Considerations for ECS Design
Issuing Committee:Ac-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee
Scope:This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) protection considerations for environmental control system (ECS) design. It is intended to familiarize the ECS designer with the subject in order to know what information will be required to do an ECS design where NBC protection is a requirement. This is not intended to be a thorough discussion of NBC protection. Such a document would be large and would be classified. Topics of NBC protection that are more pertinent to the ECS designer are discussed in more detail. Those of peripheral interest, but of which the ECS designer should be aware are briefly discussed. Only radiological aspects of nuclear blast are discussed. The term CBR (Chemical, Biological, and Radiological) has been used to contrast with NBC to indicate that only the radiological aspects of a nuclear blast are being discussed. This is actually a more accurate term to describe the subject of this paper, but NBC has become more widely used in the aircraft industry.
【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforConductingAcuteToxicityTestsonTestMaterialswithFishes,Macroinvertebrates,andAmphibians
【原文标准名称】:用鱼、大型无脊椎动物和两栖动物进行剧毒毒性试验的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME729-1996(2007)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1996
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.01
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:试验;毒性;危险物质;鱼类;污染控制
【英文主题词】:acutetoxicitytest;amphibians;copepods;EC50;fish;flow-throughtest;freshwaterfishes;freshwaterinvertebrates;LC50;macroinvertebrates;mollusks;mysids;renewaltest;saltwaterfishes;saltwaterinvertebrates;statictest;testd
【摘要】:Anacutetoxicitytestisconductedtoobtaininformationconcerningtheimmediateeffectsontestorganismsofashort-termexposuretoatestmaterialunderspecificexperimentalconditions.Anacutetoxicitytestdoesnotprovideinformationaboutwhetherdelayedeffectswilloccur,althoughapost-exposureobservationperiod,withappropriatefeeding,ifnecessary,mightprovidesuchinformation.Resultsofacutetoxicitytestsmightbeusedtopredictacuteeffectslikelytooccuronaquaticorganismsinfieldsituationsasaresultofexposureundercomparableconditions,exceptthat(1)motileorganismsmightavoidexposurewhenpossible,and(2)toxicitytobenthicorganismsmightbedependentonsorptionorsettlingofthetestmaterialontothesubstrate.Resultsofacutetestsmightbeusedtocomparetheacutesensitivitiesofdifferentspeciesandtheacutetoxicitiesofdifferenttestmaterials,andtostudytheeffectsofvariousenvironmentalfactorsonresultsofsuchtests.Resultsofacutetoxicitytestsmightbeanimportantconsiderationwhenassessingthehazardsofmaterialstoaquaticorganisms(seeGuideE1023)orwhenderivingwaterqualitycriteriaforaquaticorganisms(2).Resultsofacutetoxicitytestsmightbeusefulforstudyingthebiologicalavailabilityof,andstructure-activityrelationshipsbetween,testmaterials.Resultsofacutetoxicitytestswilldependonthetemperature,compositionofthedilutionwater,conditionofthetestorganisms,exposuretechnique,andotherfactors.1.1Thisguide()describesproceduresforobtaininglaboratorydataconcerningtheadverseeffects(forexample,lethalityandimmobility)ofatestmaterialaddedtodilutionwater,butnottofood,oncertainspeciesoffreshwaterandsaltwaterfishes,macroinvertebrates,andamphibiansduring2to8-dayexposures,dependingonthespecies.Theseprocedureswillprobablybeusefulforconductingacutetoxicitytestswithmanyotheraquaticspecies,althoughmodificationsmightbenecessary.1.2Othermodificationsoftheseproceduresmightbejustifiedbyspecialneedsorcircumstances.Althoughusingappropriateproceduresismoreimportantthanfollowingprescribedprocedures,resultsoftestsconductedusingunusualproceduresarenotlikelytobecomparabletoresultsofmanyothertests.Comparisonofresultsobtainedusingmodifiedandunmodifiedversionsoftheseproceduresmightprovideusefulinformationconcerningnewconceptsandproceduresforconductingacutetests.1.3Thisguidedescribestestsusingthreebasicexposuretechniques:static,renewal,andflow-through.Selectionofthetechniquetouseinaspecificsituationwilldependontheneedsoftheinvestigatorandonavailableresources.Testsusingthestatictechniqueprovidethemosteasilyobtainedmeasureofacutetoxicity,butconditionsoftenchangesubstantiallyduringstatictests;therefore,statictestsshouldnotlastlongerthan96h,andtestorganismsshouldnotbefedduringsuchtests.Statictestsshouldprobablynotbeconductedonmaterialsthathaveahighoxygendemand,arehighlyvolatile,arerapidlytransformedbiologicallyorchemicallyinaqueoussolution,orareremovedfromtestsolutionsinsubstantialquantitiesbythetestchambersororganismsduringthetest.BecausethepHandconcentrationsofdissolvedoxygenandtestmaterialaremaintainedatdesiredlevelsanddegradationandmetabolicproductsareremoved,testsusingrenewalandflow-throughmethodsarepreferableandmaylastlongerthan96h;testorganismsmaybefedduringrenewalandflow-throughtests.Althoughrenewaltestsmightbemorecost-effective,flow-throughtestsaregenerally......
【中国标准分类号】:Z15
【国际标准分类号】:07_080
【页数】:22P.;A4
【正文语种】:


【英文标准名称】:StandardSpecificationforAlloy-SteelandStainlessSteelBoltingMaterialsforLow-TemperatureService
【原文标准名称】:低温设备用合金钢和不锈钢螺栓材料的标准规范
【标准号】:ASTMA320/A320Ma-2007
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2007
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:合金钢;螺栓连接;紧固件;钢;温度
【英文主题词】:Alloysteels;Bolting;Fasteners;Steels;Temperature
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:J13
【国际标准分类号】:21_060_01;77_080_20
【页数】:8P;A4
【正文语种】:英语